Reproductive traits of the Ryukyu long-furred rat (Diplothrix legata) on Okinawa-jima Island

The Ryukyu long-furred rat, Diplothrix legata, is a large rodent distributed only on Amami-ohshima Island, Tokuno-shima Island and Okinawa-jima Island, Japan. This animal is endangered as a result of deforestation, predation by introduced carnivores and mortality caused by vehicles. We performed theriogenological examinations of 32 male and 25 female Ryukyu long-furred rats carcasses collected from wild populations on northern Okinawa-jima Island from December 2005 to September 2013. Adult males had remarkably large preputial glands. Seminiferous diameter of adult was significantly small (136 ± 28 µm, n=8) from April to August. Numerous spermatozoa were observed from September through February, and seminiferous diameter was significantly large (216 ± 27 µm, n=12) during this time in adults; testes length changed in a similar pattern. These findings indicate that the mating season may occur from September through February. Size (body length) at sexual maturity was estimated to be >560 mm in both sexes. From observation of corpora lutea and placental scars, litter size was estimated to range from 2 to 12 (average=6, n=4). These results provide fundamental knowledge that will be beneficial for in situ and ex situ conservation of this rare species.     

双齿围沙蚕主要器官组织学的研究

采用组织切片法对双齿围沙蚕Perinereis aibuhitensis的组织结构进行了系统观察。结果表明,双齿围沙蚕主要由体壁、疣足、消化系统和排泄系统组成。体壁从内向外分为壁体腔膜、肌肉层、表皮层和角质层,壁体腔膜是一层扁平细胞,肌肉层由环行、纵行和斜行的平滑肌组成,表皮层为单层柱状细胞,其中夹有腺细胞和感觉细胞;疣足的壁与体壁一致,疣足内充满毛细血管、间充质细胞、黏液细胞和血细胞,在性腺发育期间,有大量生殖细胞着生于疣足壁上;消化系统包括消化管和消化腺两部分,消化管为从口到肛门的直管,包括口、口腔、咽、食道、胃和肠,在食道两侧有一对食道腺;排泄系统由肾管构成。     

獭兔睾丸组织形态观察

獭兔是一种典型的经济动物,它既是毛皮动物又可食用,普遍应用于人类生产生活。目前已有研究报道了多种哺乳动物生精周期研究,但很少有关于獭兔的报道。本实验对2只完全性成熟的健康獭兔进行睾丸结构,生精周期相对频率,支持细胞效率研究。獭兔睾丸经石蜡包埋,HE染色以便进行组织形态学观察。不同的生殖细胞组合分析显示30%的曲精小管显示两个或两个以上的生精上皮周期阶段。獭兔生精周期阶段频率(%)分别为:阶段1:(15.5±2);阶段2:(14.0±1);阶段3:(11.5±1);阶段4:(8.5±1);阶段5:(10.5±1);阶段6:(18.5±2);阶段7:(13.0±1);阶段8:(8.5±1)。支持细胞效率(圆形精子:支持细胞=7:1)。本研究结果表明獭兔的生精效率较其他哺乳动物高。     

双峰驼肾近曲小管和远曲小管的体视学研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,测算了双峰驼肾近曲小管和远曲小管微细结构的体视学参数,并与黄牛进行了比较.结果显示,双峰驼肾近曲小管刷状缘体积、微绒毛表面积、吞饮小泡和溶酶体体积均显著大于黄牛;远曲小管上皮细胞的线粒体体密度、侧基底面质膜面密度和周界长度也明显大于黄牛.这些结构的差异表明,双峰驼肾脏重吸收水分的能力更强大.     

中华绒螯蟹精巢发育组织学

试验结果表明:中华绒螯蟹精巢由生精小管组成,生精小管一侧为管壁上皮,另一侧为生发区。各个生精小管中生殖细胞发育不同步:同一个生精小管内生殖细胞的成熟方式由近基膜处产生生殖细胞,向管腔推进,最终进入输精小管;不同生精小管生殖细胞由精巢前端顶部开始成熟,沿精巢外侧向后端输精小管方向推移,成熟的精子进入输精小管;取不同发育时期的河蟹,依据河蟹外部形态和精巢形态,组织结构及生精小管内占优势的雄性生殖细胞种类和数量,可以把河蟹精巢发育分为5个时期,即精原细胞期,精母细胞期,精子细胞期,精子期和休止期。     

锌和氨氮对对虾肝胰脏的毒性作用

本文研究了中国对虾经锌和氨氮的毒性作用后肝胰脏内部结构发生的变化和损伤。结果表明,当锌和氨氮的不同浓度试验液对对虾经不同时间的中毒试验后,构成对虾肝胰脏肝小管的细胞组成、肝小管结构等发生不同程度的变化和损伤。在低浓度的锌和氨氮试验液的毒性作用下,构成肝小管管壁的分泌细胞增多,吸收细胞减少,且分泌细胞内形成较多的分泌小泡;当经高浓度的试验液作用后,不但肝小管管壁内的吸收细胞减少,分泌细胞增多及产生大量分泌小泡,而且因分泌细胞的破裂解体导致部分肝小管损伤或破坏。文中并就对虾肝胰脏在锌和氨氮的毒性作用下发生的变化与肝胰脏自身的解毒作用机理进行了初步的探讨。     

Transitions of urine flow rate and kidney-somatic index in mature masu salmon

ABSTRACT:   The present study aimed to investigate functional changes of the kidney in mature masu salmon. The urine flow rate (UFR), kidney-somatic index (KSI), and epithelial cell height of second proximal convoluted segment of renal tubules were examined in mature and immature masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou . Two methods of calculating UFR were made as either the units per body weight, or body weight without gonads. The former calculation using body weight may be used for comparison between data obtained from immature fish, and the latter method was suitable when comparing mature sexes and assessing the transition from immature to finally mature stages. In both calculations of UFR, KSI, and epithelial cell height of the second proximal segment, the values for mature fish were significantly higher than for immature fish. These results first suggest that functional transition of the kidney occurs in maturing fish.     

Testicular morphology and cauda epididymal sperm reserves of male rats exposed to Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil

Potential negative effects of exposure to Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil on the reproductive system of male rats was investigated. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment. Exposure to Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil was achieved via oral administration of increasing doses (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ml/rat) every other day for 4 weeks. Cauda epididymal sperm reserves and relative weights of the testes as well as histological features of the testes of rats that received the crude oil treatment were compared to those of control rats. The results described here showed a significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent reduction in the cauda epididymal sperm reserves of rats that received crude oil treatment relative to the control group. The morphology of testes of the crude oil-exposed rats was characterized by the presence of interstitial exudates, degeneration, and necrosis of spermatogenic and interstitial (Leydig) cells. Findings indicate that exposure of male rats to Nigerian Qua Iboe Brent crude oil may have adversely affected their reproductive systems. This may imply possible reproductive health hazards for animals and humans that may be exposed to this environmental pollutant, especially in areas where oil spillage is a common feature.     

家禽精子迁移率Mobility是反映家禽精液质量的重要指标

精子活率是精子的重要特性,传统精子活率的评价方法并不代表精子在家禽机体内生殖道的真实运动情况,具有主观性的特点,准确性差。精子迁移率Mobility的测定方法模拟精子在母鸡体内液体环境和温度下的运动情况,能够反映精子在体内真正的活力。从37只纯种白洛克公鸡中挑选出具有不同精子迁移率Mobility的高、低2组,每组5只公鸡,其精子迁移率分别为1.103,0.219,相应的受精率分别为83.7%、76.8%(P<0.05)。结果表明:精子迁移率Mobility反映了不同家禽个体精液质量的差异,是预测人工授精效果的一个重要指标。